#p <nat>English<o>king<n>Alfred the Great<fa>Ethelwulf<b>849<ac>871<d>899<c>England<info>Alfred was the king of Wessex, and overlord of England from 871 until his death. He defeated Danish invaders, and built the first English navy.
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>Edward the Elder<fa>Alfred the Great<b>870<ac>899<d>925<c>England
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>Athelstan<fa>Edward the Elder<b>895<ac>925<d>939<c>England
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>Edmund I<fa>Edward the Elder<b>921<ac>939<d>946<c>England
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>Edred<fa>Edward the Elder<b>923(2)<ac>946<d>955<c>England
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>Edward the Confessor<fa>Ethelred II<b>1004 Jan (18)<ac>1042<d>1066 Jan 5<c>London
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>Harold II<b>1020(2)<ac>1066 Jan 5<d>1066 Oct<c>London<info>Harold was a son of Godwin, earl of Wessex. He was the effective ruler from 1053 to 1066.
#p <nat>English<o>queen consort<n>Saint Margaret<b>1045(1)<d>1093 Nov 16<c>London<mov>1068(2)<c>Scotland<info>Margaret was a sister of Edgar Atheling. She married Malcolm III of Scotland in about 1070.
// Edgar Atheling and Saint Margaret were children of Edward the Exile, an English prince.
// House of Normandy
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>William I the Conqueror<sur>William I<b>1028 Jan (12)<ac>1066 Dec<d>1087<c>London
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>William II Rufus<sur>William II<fa>William I<b>1058(2)<ac>1087<d>1100<c>London
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>Henry I Beauclerc<sur>Henry I<fa>William I<b>1068<ac>1100 Aug 5<d>1135 Dec 1<c>London<info>Henry was the third (or fourth?) son of William I. He succeeded his oldest brother, William II, who died under suspicious circumstances while hunting with Henry. Henry's older brother Robert I, duke of Normandy, invaded England in 1101 but was forced to recognise Henry as king. In 1106 Henry seized Normandy as well. He married the daughter of Malcolm Canmore, king of Scots, by Saint Margaret, who was a sister of Edgar the Atheling.
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>Stephen of Blois<sur>Stephen<b>1097(3)<ac>1135 Dec 1<d>1154<c>London<info>nephew of Henry I
// House of Angevin
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>Henry II Curtmantle<sur>Henry II<b>1133<ac>1154<d>1189<c>London<info>grandson of Henry I
#p <nat>English<o>king<n>Richard I Coeur de Lion<sur>Richard I<fa>Henry II<b>1157<ac>1189<d>1199<c>London
#p <nat>British<o>king<n>Richard III<b>1452<ac>1483 Jun<d>1485<c>London<info>uncle of Edward V
// House of Tudor
#p <nat>British<o>king<n>Henry VII<b>1457 Jan 28<ac>1485<d>1509 Apr 21<c>London<info>Henry VII was the son of Edmund Tudor, a Welsh noble, and Margaret Beaufort, a great-great-granddaughter of Edward III. He was exiled in France during the reign of Richard III. Henry gained the throne when he defeated and killed Richard in the Battle of Bosworth Field on August 22, 1485. This ended the Wars of the Roses. His successor, Henry VIII, was his son by his wife Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV.
#p <nat>British<o>king<n>Henry VIII<fa>Henry VII<b>1491<ac>1509 Apr 21<d>1547 Jan 28<c>London
#p <nat>British<o>king<n>Edward VI<fa>Henry VIII<b>1537 Oct 1<ac>1547 Jan 28<d>1553 Jul 6<c>London<info>Edward VI, king of England, was the only son and successor of Henry VIII, born to Henry's third wife, Jane Seymour. In his will Henry had designated a council of 16 to rule the country during Edward's minority, but this arrangement did not last, and the young king's uncle, Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset, assumed control as protector. In 1549, Somerset fell from power and John Dudley, duke of Northumberland, became regent.
#p <nat>British<o>queen<n>Lady Jane Grey<sur>Jane<b>1537 Oct<ac>1553 Jul 10<depo>1553 Jul 19<d>1554 Feb 12<c>London<info>Jane Grey was a great-granddaughter of Henry VII and a cousin of Edward VI. Shortly before his death, Edward was persuaded to name Jane his successor in preference to his half-sisters Mary and Elizabeth. John Dudley, duke of Northumberland, who dominated the government, arranged Jane's marriage to his son Lord Guildford Dudley and proclaimed her accession in July 1553, but few supported this scheme, and Mary Tudor soon secured the throne as Mary I. Jane and Guildford were charged with treason and beheaded. Widely praised for her beauty and learning, Jane was not herself a conspirator but rather an innocent victim of a political plot.<ref>Grolier
#p <nat>British<o>queen<n>Mary I<aka>Bloody Mary<fa>Henry VIII<b>1516<ac>1553 Jul 19<d>1558<c>London<info>Mary, half-sister of Edward VI, was a Roman Catholic.
#p <nat>British<o>queen<n>Elizabeth I<fa>Henry VIII<b>1533<ac>1558<d>1603<c>London<info>half-sister of Mary I, and daughter of Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIII's second wife
// House of Stuart
#p <nat>Scottish<o>queen<n>Mary Queen of Scots<sur>Mary Queen of Scots<aka>Mary Stuart<b>1542 Dec 8<ac>1542 Dec 14<depo>1567 Jul 24<d>1587 Feb 8<c>Scotland<mov>1548<c>France<dep>1561 Jul(1)<arr>1561 Aug 19<c>Scotland<mov>1568<c>England<info>Mary was the great-granddaughter of Henry VII. She was beheaded in 1587.
#p <nat>British<o>king<n>James I<mo>Mary Queen of Scots<b>1566<ac>1603<d>1625<c>London<info>James I of England was also James VI of Scotland, 1567-1625.
#p <nat>British<o>king<n>William IV<fa>George III<b>1765<ac>1830<d>1837 Jun 20<c>London
#p <nat>British<o>prince<n>Edward, duke of Kent<sur>Edward<b>1770(10)<d>1827(10)<fa>George III<c>London
#p <nat>British<o>queen<n>Victoria<b>1819 May 24<ac>1837 Jun 20<d>1901 Jan 22<fa>Edward, duke of Kent<c>London<info>Victoria was the only child of Edward, duke of Kent, and Princess Victoria, daughter of the duke of Saxe-Coburg. She was the niece of her predecessor, William IV. She married her first cousin, Prince Albert, in 1840, and they had nine children. Among her grandchildren were Emperor William II of Germany and Alexandra, consort of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. Victoria was the longest-reigning monarch in English history.
// House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
#p <nat>German<o>prince<n>Albert<b>1819 Aug 26<d>1861 Dec 14<c>Bavaria<dep>1840<arr>1840<c>London<info>Albert was the son of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. He married Queen Victoria in 1840, becoming the Prince Consort.
#p <nat>British<o>king<n>Edward VII<mo>Victoria<fa>Albert<b>1841 Nov 9<ac>1901 Jan 22<d>1910 May 6<c>London<info>Edward VII was 59 years old when he succeeded his mother, Victoria. He married Alexandra of Denmark.
#p <nat>British<o>prince<n>Albert<b>1863(2)<d>1892<fa>Edward VII<c>London<info>Albert was the duke of Clarence. He was the older brother of George V.
#p <nat>British<o>princess<n>Louise<b>1867(1)<d>1931<fa>Edward VII<c>London<info>Louise was the Princess Royal.
#p <nat>British<o>princess<n>Maud<b>1869<d>1938<fa>Edward VII<c>London<info>Princess Maud was married in 1896 to King Haakon VII of Norway. Her son Olav became king of Norway.
// House of Windsor
#p <nat>British<o>king<n>George V<b>1865 Jun 3<fa>Edward VII<ac>1910 May 6<d>1936 Jan 20<c>London<info>George V pursued a naval career until his older brother's death in 1892 made him second in line to the throne of his grandmother, Victoria. In 1894 he married Princess Mary of Teck.
#p <nat>British<o>princess<n>Mary<b>1897<d>1970(15)<fa>George V<c>London<info>Mary was the Princess Royal.
#p <nat>British<o>prince<n>Henry<b>1900<d>1970(15)<fa>George V<c>London<info>Henry was the Duke of Glouster.
#p <nat>British<o>prince<n>George<b>1902<d>1945<fa>George V<c>London<info>George was the Duke of Kent. He married princess Marina of Greece in 1934. He was killed on active service in 1945.
#e <t>decree<c>England<n>House of Windsor created<au>George V<d>1917 Jul 17<c>London<info>created by Royal Proclamation
#p <nat>British<o>king<n>Edward VIII<b>1894 Jun 23<fa>George V<ac>1936 Jan 20<ab>1936 Dec 11<d>1972 May 28<c>London<mov>1937<c>France<mov>1939(1)<c>Bahamas<mov>1945(1)<c>France<info>Edward VIII announced his abdication in a radio address on December 11, 1936. On June 3, 1937, he married Mrs. Wallis Warfield Simpson, an American divorcee.
#p <nat>British<o>king<n>George VI<b>1895 Dec 14<ac>1936 Dec 11<d>1952 Feb 6<fa>George V<c>London
#p <nat>British<n>Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon<sur>Lady Elizabeth<aka>The Queen Mom<fem><b>1900 Aug 4<c>London
#p <nat>British<o>princess<n>Margaret<b>1930 Aug 21<fa>George VI<c>London
#p <nat>British<o>queen<n>Elizabeth II<b>1926 Apr 21<ac>1952 Feb 6<fa>George VI<mo>Lady Elizabeth<c>London<info>Elizabeth married Philip Mountbatten on November 20, 1947.
#p <nat>British<o>prince<n>Philip Mountbatten<sur>Philip<b>1921<c>London<info>Philip is the Duke of Edinburgh, consort of Queen Elizabeth II.
#p <nat>British<o>princess<n>Anne<b>1950 Aug 15<mo>Elizabeth II<fa>Philip<c>London<info>Anne is the Princess Royal. In 1992, she divorced her husband of 18 years, Capt. Mark Phillips, and married Timothy Laurence that year.
#p <nat>English<o>prince<n>Andrew<b>1960<mo>Elizabeth II<fa>Philip<c>London<info>Prince Andrew is the Duke of York. He married Sarah Ferguson in 1986, and separated from her in 1992.
